If a firefighter had seen an explosive artifact, and not done anything in four years to defuse it, would he still be a paid firefighter?

Sir, as you might understand from my many letters to you I agree with most of what Ian Hirst opines on Martin Wolf’s article (“Weidmann casts a shadow over the ECB”, June 13) “ECB must end conjuring tricks and begin a structural overhaul” June 19.

Sadly though, no matter how “rock solid the political support for the euro is, it might already be too late, even for Jens Weidmann, to do all that needs to be done to correct the mistakes Hirst hints at.

Hirst writes: “As Mr Wolf points out, the German public, in particular, need to be told some home truths. The euro has greatly benefited their economy (while greatly damaging competitors in southern Europe). It does not work without some transfer and debt support elements, mainly funded by Germany and the Netherlands.”

100 percent correct but I ask, are they able to manage the whole truth? Included that of German banks being able to hold loans to for instance Greece and Italy against zero capital while being required to hold eight percent in capital or so when lending to an unrated German entrepreneur?

Sir, in March 2015 Mario Draghi wrote the foreword to an ESRB report on the regulatory treatment of sovereign exposures. In it he said “The report argues that, from a macro-prudential point of view, the current regulatory framework may have led to excessive investment by financial institutions in government debt. [It} recognizes the difficulty in reforming the existing framework without generating potential instability in sovereign debt markets, as well as the intrinsic difficulty of redesigning regulations so as to produce the right incentives for financial institutions… I trust that the report will help to foster a discussion which, in my view, is long overdue.”

PS. “Long overdue”? We are now in June 2019 and I ask, has the Financial Times seen Mario Draghi or the ECB doing anything about the still ticking 0% Risk-Weight Eurozone Sovereign Debt Privilege bomb? 

PS. "the current regulatory framework may have led to excessive investment by financial institutions in government debt" March 2015. Why did it take so long and why did they need research to only suspect that?

The still ticking 0% Risk Weight Sovereign Debt Privilege bomb awaits Mario Draghi’s successor at ECB

Sir, Martin Wolf, sort of implying Mario Draghi followed his recommendations, which of course could be true, holds that “Draghi did the right things, above all with his celebrated remark in July 2012 that ‘within our mandate, the ECB is ready to do whatever it takes to preserve the euro’”. “Jens Weidmann casts a shadow over the ECB” June 11.

Did Draghi resolve that crisis for the better, or did he just postpone it for the worse?

That’s is not at all clear. In March 2015 the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) published a “Report on the regulatory treatment of sovereign exposures.” Let me quote from its foreword:

“The report argues that, from a macro-prudential point of view, the current regulatory framework may have led to excessive investment by financial institutions in government debt. 

The report recognizes the difficulty in reforming the existing framework without generating potential instability in sovereign debt markets. 

I trust that the report will help to foster a discussion that, in my view, is long overdue.” Signed Mario Draghi, ESRB Chair

The regulatory aspect that report most refers to is, for purposes of risk weighted capital requirements for banks (and insurance companies), the assignment of a 0% risk weight to all Eurozone sovereigns. 

Though the report states that: “Sovereign defaults… have occurred regularly throughout history, including for sovereign debt denominated and funded in domestic currency”, it does not put forward that all these eurozone sovereign debts are denominated in a currency that de facto is not a domestic printable one of any of these sovereigns.

Since Mario Draghi seems to have done little or nothing since then to diffuse this 0% Sovereign Debt Privilege bomb, which if it detonates could bring the euro down, and with it perhaps EU, this is the most important issue at hand. 

So when choosing a candidate to succeed Draghi as president of ECB the question that has to be made is whether that person is capable enough to handle that monstrous challenge. Who is? Jens Weidmann? I have no idea.

Sir, it would be interesting to hear what Martin Wolf would have to say to the new president of ECB about this. What would a “Do what it takes” imply in that case? 

PS. And when Greece was able to contract excessive debt precisely because its 0% risk weight should not the European Union have behaved with much more solidarity, instead of having Greece walk the plank alone?

PS. If I were one of those over 750 members of the European Parliament here are the questions I would make and, if these were not answered in simple understandable terms, I would resign, not wanting to be a part of a Banana Union.

PS. "The current regulatory framework may have led to excessive investment by financial institutions in government debt." Really?

PS. Is there a way to defuse that bomb? Perhaps but any which way you try presents risks. One way could be to allow all banks to continue to hold all eurozone sovereign debt they current posses, against a 0% risk weight, until these mature or are sold by the banks; and, in steps of 20% each year, bring the risk weight for any new sovereign debt they acquire up until it reaches 100%... or more daringly but perhaps more needed yet set the risk weight for any new sovereign debt acquired immediately to 100%, so as to allow the market to send its real messages. 

The same procedure could/should be applied all other bank assets that currently have a risk weight below 100%, like for instance residential mortgages.

Would it work? I don’t really know, a lot depends on how the market prices the regulatory changes for debt and bank capital . But getting rid of risk weighted bank capital requirements is something that must happen, urgently, for the financial markets to regain some sense of sanity.

PS. An alternative would be doing it in a Chilean style. Being very flexible with bank capital requirements, even accepting 0%, even having ECB do repos with banks non-performing loans: BUT NO dividends, NO buybacks and NO big bonuses, until banks have 10% capital against all assets, sovereign debts included.

PS. I just discovered that Sharon Bowles, MEP, 
Chair Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee
 of the European Parliament, in a speech titled "Regulatory and Supervisory Reform of EU Financial Institutions – What Next?
 at the Financial Stability and Integration Conference,
 2 May 2011, said the following:

“I have frequently raised the effect of zero risk weighting for sovereign bonds within the Eurozone, and its contribution to removing market discipline by giving lower spreads than there should have been. It also created perverse incentives during the crisis.”

That is very clear warning that something is extremely wrong... and yet nothing was done about it.

PS. And in 2015 the European Commission also described the problem with the zero-risk weighted sovereign debts within the eurozone.

PS. https://perkurowski.blogspot.com/1998/11/burning-bridges-in-europe.html

PS. In Financial Times 2004: “How long before regulators realize the damage, they’re doing by favoring so much bank lending to the public sector? In some countries, access to credit for the private sector is all but gone, and the banks are up to the hilt in public credits”

The empowerment of the Bureaucracy Autocracy

“Assets for which bank capital requirements were nonexistent, were what had most political support: sovereign credits. A simple ‘leverage ratio’ discouraged holdings of low-return government securities” Paul Volcker

@PerKurowski

There are issues much more important for the future of the euro and the EU than who becomes Draghi’s successor at ECB

Sir, Wolfgang Münchau holds that “Draghi’s successor needs intellectual curiosity and a willingness to admit errors” “How not to select the next ECB president” June 3.

Of course, that should be a sine qua non quality of all candidates. The real problem though is that anyone chosen to become the new president of ECB could get trapped in a web of groupthink, and solidarity requirements, which impede the admittance of the mistakes.

Therefore, before choosing the next president some questions vital to the future of the euro and EU need to be made, not only to denounce mistakes, but to listen what the candidates have to say about it.

For instance if I was a newly elected first time European Union parliamentarian, at the first opportunity given I would ask: 

Fellow parliamentarians: I have heard rumors that even though all the Eurozone sovereigns take on debt denominated in a currency that de facto is not their own domestic printable one; their debts, for the purpose of the risk weighted bank capital requirements, have been assigned a 0% risk weight by European authorities. Is this true or not?

If true does that 0% risk weight, when compared to a 100% risk weight of us European citizens not translate into a subsidy of the Eurozone sovereigns’ bank borrowings or in fact of all Europe's sovereigns?

If so does that not distort the allocation of bank credit in the sense that sovereigns, like Greece, might get too much credit and the citizens, like European entrepreneurs, get too little? And if so would that not signify some regulators, behind our backs, have imposed an unabridged statism on our European Union?

If so, does that not mean that some Eurozone sovereign could run up so much debt they would be seriously tempted to abandon the euro and thereby perhaps endanger our European Union?

Colleagues, I do not know who should answer us these questions, but the candidates to succeed Mario Draghi as president of ECB, should they not at least give us their opinions on it?

@PerKurowski

EU authorities, assigning Italy, like Greece, a super duper investment grade status, are the original sinners.

Sir, Wolfgang Münchau writes,“The main instrument of coercion in the eurozone is not its fiscal rules, but the power of the European Central Bank to withdraw funding from national banks. This is not a discretionary power, but one that is automatically triggered once a country‘s sovereign debt loses investment grade status. If the banks have large holdings of their home countries’ debt, as is the case in Italy, they are setting themselves up for failure if their governments run an unsound fiscal policy” “Italy is setting itself up for a monumental fiscal failure” October 29.

“Triggered once a country‘s sovereign debt loses investment grade status”? Should in the first place Italy have gotten the super-duper investment grade status assigned to it by EU authorities? By mean of “sovereign debt preferences” they assigned it a 0% risk, which allow banks to hold Italian public debt against zero capital? Italy’s like Greece’s like many other and perhaps all other sovereign, the main problem is not losing that status but having been awarded it. 

And even if your 0% risk weight would be based on the nation being able, in nominal terms, to repay 100% of its debt, using the printer, the hard truth for Italy, and for all other eurozone countries is that though eurozone investors holding sovereign debt denominated in euros have the right to consider holding assets in their domestic currency, the eurozone sovereigns who owe such debt do not have  an absolute right to consider they owe it in their domestic currency.

In a 2002 Op-ed titled “The Riskiness of Country Risk” I wrote, “If the risk of a given country is underestimated it will most assuredly be leveraged to the hilt. The result will be a serious wave of adjustments sometime down the line.” That, which hit Greece, now awaits Italy, courtesy of EU.

Sir, it is not obsessive me again. September 2013, in FT, Jens Weidmann, the president of the Deutsche Bundesbank begged, “Stop encouraging banks to buy government debt”. What has EU done about that? Nada! 

Münchau ends with “The eurozone’s dysfunctionality has many origins. It would be unfair to blame it all on Italy. The rise in Italian spreads is evidence that the eurozone crisis never ended. It just fell dormant for a while.”

That is entirely correct, the saddest part though is that the challenges posed by the euro were known, from the get-go.

Sir, as I’ve told you many times before, it is truly mind-boggling how in all the overheated Brexit/Remain discussions that divide Britain, so little attention has been given to the EUs own very delicate conditions.

@PerKurowski

European savers, leveraging only once their capital, stand no chance to compete with banks for good rates on “safe” savings

Sir, I refer to Alice Ross’ “Central bankers seeks to quell rate anger” November 14. In it she refers to the problem of German savers finding extremely low returns when placing their money, into what is supposedly very low risk.

Jens Weidmann, the president of the Bundesbank, argues that there is no discrimination among European savers and that they are all equally affected. That may be… but there is an underlying regulatory distortion that discriminates strongly against all individual savers, in favor of the banks.

When European banks are allowed to leverage their capital 60 or more times for exposures to absolutely-safe havens, rates will be very low in these. And the poor individual saver, leveraging his own capital just once, stands no chance to compete for a decent rate.

Martin Wolf has forfeited his right to preach on budgets, public debt limits and the growth of the real economy

Sir, the whole Western World is flirting with self-destruction as a consequence of having accepted capital requirements for banks based on ex ante perceived risk. These only guarantee dangerous excessive bank exposures to “The Infallible”, like sovereigns, housing and the AAAristocracy; and equally dangerously small exposures to “The Risky”, like to medium and small businesses, entrepreneurs and startups.

Much of the problems of the huge public debt overhang in the USA, and in Europe, are a direct consequence of these regulations. 

I have written, and corresponded on many occasions about this with Martin Wolf. But, since he has deemed it fit to ignore the argument of how these capital requirements distort the allocation of bank credit, I at least feel he has forfeited any right to preach on budgets, public debt limits and the growth of the real economy, like he does in “America flirts with self-destruction”, October 2.

I am not that convinced about the health reform in the USA, since I believe it tackles insufficiently the root problem of excessive costs. Even so I would much rather prefer that the actual line drawn in the sand for any budgetary and debt limit agreement, was the total elimination on any discrimination based on perceived risks; something that should in fact already be prohibited because of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)

PS. Sir, just to let you know, I am not copying Martin Wolf with this, as he has asked me not to send him any more comments related to the capital requirements for banks, since he understands it all… at least so he thinks. For instance I believe Wolf does not understand how subsidized sovereign debt is by these regulations and so in fact, the current public debt level, is considerably higher in real terms. Perhaps Wolf could benefit from reading Jens Weidmann's "Stop encouraging banks to load up on state debt" of October 1.

At long last, the truth about the incestuous relation between banks and sovereigns, is coming out of the closet

Sir, at last someone in the highest spheres, Jens Weidmann, the president of the Deutsche Bundesbank, speaks out. In “Stop encouraging banks to load up on state debt” October 1, he dares to admit that the banks’ “Sovereign exposures are privileged by low or zero capital requirements”

What Weidmann now denounces is that viciously incestuous relation I have denounced for more than a decade and which can be described in terms of: “I government allow you banker to lend to me without capital, and I in my turn will guarantee your obligations to the market” 

And as Weidman daringly admits: “This undermines market discipline for governments and reduces their incentive to carry out the necessary reforms” and “banks, which can obtain unlimited cash against sovereign collateral from the central banks, are protected from discipline from investors who provide the funding.”

In this respect let me remind you of my letter to you, published on November 18, 2004, and which said:

“Our bank supervisors in Basel are unwittingly controlling the capital flows in the world. How many Basel propositions will it take before they start realizing the damage they are doing by favoring so much bank lending to the public sector (sovereigns)? In some developing countries, access to credit for the private sector is all but gone, and the banks are up to the hilt in public credits. Please, help us get some diversity of thinking to Basel urgently; at the moment it is just a mutual admiration club of firefighters”

As an Executive Director at the World Bank 2002-04, I also protested loudly against privileging the sovereign, but to no avail.

Over many years I have not seen anyone in the Financial Times even mentioning the issue of how privileging so much the sovereign, and others like the AAAristocracy, completely distorts the allocation of bank credit to the real economy. I must say that speaks quite badly about your journalists, unless of course you want to excuse them by having to push a political agenda.

So will some of them now, again, bash Jens Weidman’s rational arguments for being excessively austere?

Of course, Mr. Weidman seems to just recently be waking up to the problem, and is not yet totally clear about it. For instance when he states “No market participant would judge a French bond to be as risky as the Greek one: the riskiness of each is reflected in their prices” he is probably not aware that he is with that really explaining why the whole idea of setting capital requirements for banks, based on an ex ante perceived risks, as Basel regulations does, is so utterly dumb, and only dooms banks to overdose on perceived risk.

PS. Here is how the EU made Greece pay for EU's insane mistake of assigning Greece a 0% risk weight.

PS. Here is my letter to the Financial Stability Board (FSB) that was officially received. Will it be answered?

To me, Mario Draghi is one of the regulatory devils in the eurozone drama.

Sir, Wolfgang Münchau believes Jens Weidmann’s fears of that Draghi and ECB, with an increase in the monetary supply, and the purchase of government debt, will medium term doom Europe to a great inflation, are unwarranted; or, the risks of that happening, given the crisis, are acceptable. And that is why he holds that “Draghi is the devil in Weidmann’s eurozone drama” September 24. 

I reiterate my opinion that stimulating the economy with any sort of injection, before making substantial structural changes to the economy, so as to give ground for credible hope that these injections will be productive, is an irresponsible waste of scarce fiscal and monetary policy space. And, those changes have simply not happened. 

Bank regulators, among them Mr. Mario Draghi, wanted the banks to avoid lending to the “risky” so much, that they ended up leveraging the banks very dangerously to the “not-risky”. And, pitifully, the regulators have still not understood what they did wrong. 

Any injections without a reversal of the capital requirements for banks based on perceived risk which discriminate against the” risky”, will only mean that the economy gets to be flabbier and flabbier. This is so because so many of the economy’s productive growth possibilities are to be found exclusively in the hands of the “risky”, like the small businesses and entrepreneurs. 

And so, even though I do not know all of Mr. Weidmann’s arguments and thinking, Mr. Münchau should by now know that, at least to me, Mr. Draghi is indeed one of the bank regulatory devils in the eurozone drama. And that I know without the need of reading Faust.

An essential part of the narrative on the eurozone crisis is withheld, among others, by FT

Sir, Wolfgang Münchau, in “Why Weidmann is winning the debate on policy”, September 10, writes the following: “The German public has bought into the narrative that the crisis was caused by profligate southern European and consumers who had wasted the first decade of their membership of the eurozone indulging in a debt financed housing and consumption boom. It is a false morality tale, mostly devoid of economic reasoning. But this has not stopped it from becoming the dominant narrative. Not enough politicians, certainly not enough journalists and commentators are pushing against this narrative” 

And I ask again why is it that FT resists to present my argument of that this crisis was doomed by the regulators, some of them Germans, to happen? The fact is that for instance a German bank, was allowed to lend to a Greece holding only 1.6 percent in capital, making it possible for it to leverage its equity 62.5 to 1 with Greece´s risk-adjusted returns, while, when lending to a German small business or entrepreneur, it was required to hold 8 percent in capital, meaning it could only leverage its equity with those risk-adjusted returns, 12.5 to 1. If you do not think that this fact is an essential part of the real narrative of what has gone wrong, I just do not understand you. 

(Would it really hurt the FT´s ego so much acknowledging that little me, who has written hundreds of letters to you about it, was correct, and so that you prefer to shut up about it? Poor Europe... with friends like that)

We need solutions not solely based on finance ministers and central-bankers

Sir, Michael Steen reports “All eyes and ears on Draghi over bond proposal” September 5.

Sincerely why should the solution to the current crisis come down exclusively from ministers of finance and central bankers? Especially when it was the bank regulators they appointed who messed it all up? 

Sincerely any solution, without major economic structural changes occurring, among other in bank regulations, will only be kicking the can further up the slippery slope.

We need to think urgently about how for instance manage to channel the private Greek savings, which luckily have not also been lost, into solutions more helpful than the buying of location-location-locations in London. 

On a recent Labor-With-No-Jobs-Day, I speculated about an idea that could be good for Europe, and for America to explore and here below is the link:

http://teawithft.blogspot.com/2012/09/theres-economic-war-raging-out-there.html

There’s an economic war raging out there, so we need ministers and bank regulators with vision, not janitors and nannies!

Sir, Josef Joffe’s “Merkel’s case of good politics and bad economics” September 5, makes a solid case for buying gold and go to church and pray (and perhaps buy a gun) 

What can I say? There’s an economic war raging out there and we need our finance ministers and bank regulators to be men of vision, not janitors or nannies! Has anyone seen a Lord Keynes lately? 

Personally, and not as a Lord Keynes by any means, but as a simple consultant with quite a lot of workout experience, on a recent Labor-With-No-Jobs-Day, I thought that the following could be a good idea for Europe and America to explore: 

There is currently a tremendous scarcity of bank capital, and all fresh capital raised is going to plug holes instead of generating the new business needed… and so we are in dire need of traditional bank capital, not that silly modern stuff. 

In this respect I would gladly contemplate granting a 15 years full exoneration from corporate and dividend taxes, to whatever bank capital is raised by a banks that agrees to hold 15 percent in capital against any asset, no matter how safe or risky it might seem. 

There is a world of productive risk-taking waiting out there to get our youngster their generation of good jobs… let’s give them a chance. 

I would love to see 500 billion Euros (dollars) in this type of fresh bank capital...which could be leveraged into over 3 trillion Euros (dollars) in loans which do not discriminate based on perceived risks more than what they should ordinary do in a free market. 

That could mean a fresh start for our economies and a full-stop to that other war our current bank-nannies are waging against the "risky".

Although with cancer, Europe still smokes… a lot!

Sir, Jens Weidmann, the president of the Deutsche Bundesbank, in “Monetary policy is no panacea for Europe´s ill”, May 8, writes that “Macroeconomic imbalances and unsustainable public and private debt in some member states lie at the heart of the sovereign crisis”. 

Indeed that is the cancer but, the smoking that caused it, was the silly discrimination through the capital requirements for banks in favor of what was officially perceived as not risky and against what was perceived as risky. Like for instance the 62 to 1 leverage a German bank was allowed to have when lending to Greece, compared to the only 12 to 1 leverage allowed when lending to a German entrepreneur. 

And so I feel there is need to remind Mr. Weidmann of the sad fact that Europe still smokes… a lot!